Ocean Science and the Marine Environment
Ocean science portal: physical oceanography, routing weather, waves and currents, sea ice, marine ecology, invasive species, ocean noise and protected areas.
This portal covers the ocean a ship works in: physical oceanography, meteorology and routing weather, waves and currents, sea ice, marine ecology and biology, invasive species and ballast water science, underwater noise, and marine protected areas.
The reference bodies are the WMO for marine meteorology, IOC-UNESCO for ocean science, and NOAA and Copernicus for observational datasets. Conservation designations come from instruments such as the Ramsar Convention and the UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme.
Biofouling science lives here; biofouling compliance and in-water cleaning belong to Underwater Diving Operations, and hull-performance economics to Decarbonization, Emissions and Alternative Fuels.
Start here
- Ramsar Convention 1971: Wetlands, Ports and Shipping
The Ramsar Convention binds States, not ships. How its site list, Article 3.2 reports and wise use shape port expansion, dredging, spill plans and ship routing.
- UNESCO Man and the Biosphere Programme and Shipping
What a UNESCO biosphere reserve is, how the MAB Programme designates and reviews one, and why the label binds no ship unless IMO or national law applies.
All articles in this portal
2 articles, plus 42 in preparation.