Exclusive economic zone (EEZ) and shipping
The exclusive economic zone under UNCLOS Part V extends up to 200 nautical miles from the baselines and gives the coastal State sovereign rights over resources.
The exclusive economic zone (EEZ) is the belt beyond and adjacent to the territorial sea in which a coastal State has sovereign rights over living and non-living resources under Part V of UNCLOS , extending not more than 200 nautical miles from the baselines. Ships of all States keep freedom of navigation in it.
For shipping the EEZ matters as the area in which treaties add coastal State powers that UNCLOS alone does not give: the Nairobi Wreck Removal Convention 2007 uses it as its default Convention area. The full article will cover the UNCLOS rules, pollution enforcement under Articles 211 and 220, and how the EEZ interacts with the IMO liability and pollution conventions.