Landed Cost: The True Unit Economics of Imports

Landed cost is the full cost of imported goods delivered: the invoice price plus international freight , insurance , customs duty on the jurisdiction’s valuation basis, import VAT or GST, brokerage and port fees , and inland delivery. Pricing and margin decisions made on the invoice alone miss everything after the first line, and the gap routinely runs into double-digit percentages before tax.

The full article will cover the WTO transaction-value framework and the CIF-versus-FOB valuation split (the United States dutying goods alone while most jurisdictions duty freight and insurance too), HS classification as the rate driver, preference and trade-remedy layers, de minimis regimes, and landed-cost practice in retail and manufacturing sourcing.

Build the figure for a shipment with the landed cost calculator, chaining freight from the ocean freight cost calculator and insurance from the cargo insured value calculator.